Allo 1, Citation: Mar -Romero, A.; Tabraue-Ch ez, M.; L ez-Longarela, B.; Fara, M.A.; S chez-Mart , R.M.; Dear, J.W.; Ilyine, H.; D z-Moch , J.J.; Pernagallo, S. Simultaneous Detection of Drug-Induced Liver Injury Protein and microRNA Biomarkers Working with Dynamic Chemical Labelling on a Luminex MAGPIX System. Analytica 2021, 2, 13039. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/analytica2040013 Academic Editor: Sibel A. Ozkan Received: 17 August 2021 Accepted: 29 September 2021 Published: 3 OctoberDESTINA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnol ico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovaci 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain; [email protected] (A.M.-R.); [email protected] (M.T.-C.); [email protected] (B.L.-L.); [email protected] (M.A.F.) GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Investigation: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain; [email protected] Departamento de Quimica Farmac tica y Org ica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Tiny France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; [email protected] DESTINA Genomics Ltd., 7-11 Melville St., Edinburgh EH3 7PE, UK; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected] (J.J.D.-M.); [email protected] (S.P.)Abstract: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a potentially fatal adverse occasion plus a major trigger for pre- and post-marketing drug withdrawal. Many multinational DILI initiatives have now advisable a panel of protein and microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers which can detect early liver injury and inform about mechanistic basis. This Amifostine thiol Technical Information manuscript describes the improvement of seqCOMBO, a unique combo-multiplexed assay which combines the dynamic chemical labelling strategy and an antibody-dependant approach around the Luminex MAGPIX program. SeqCOMBO enables a versatile multiplexing platform to perform qualitative and quantitative evaluation of proteins and miRNAs in patient serum samples simultaneously. For the very best of our know-how, that is the first method to profile protein and miRNA biomarkers to diagnose DILI within a single-step assay. Keywords: dynamic chemical labelling (DCL); drug-induced liver injury (DILI); miRNA-122; Luminex MAGPIX; liquid biopsy; antibody-dependant methodPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a considerable concern for individuals, healthcare professionals and also the pharmaceutical business, with an estimated annual cost towards the EU of EUR 79 billion [1]. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the second-most frequent ADR [2] and also a leading reason for acute liver failure (ALF) in the western planet [3]. ALF is really a lifethreatening situation, and identifying individuals at risk for ALF is really a priority job. DILI incidence depends upon the drug itself and host/patient-specific variables which include sex, ethnicity and IACS-010759 Apoptosis genetic polymorphism in the detoxification of drugs [4]. For example, for the antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate, roughly 1 out of 2300 individuals will create DILI [5]. On top of that, DILI is among the top causes of drug attrition throughout all stages from the drug discovery method. In early improvement, 50 of all pre-clinical candidate drugs show effects upon the liver at.