On (DDI) is really a frequent clinical problem which has occurred as a result of the concomitant use of multiple drugs. DDI may take place in individuals under therapy with medicines utilized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; i.e., chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, tocilizumab, and remdesivir) and boost the risk of serious adverse reactions like QT-prolongation, retinopathy, improved risk of infection, and hepatotoxicity. This review focuses on summarizing DDIs for candidate drugs made use of for COVID-19 as a way to decrease the adverse reactions.KEYWORDSDepartmentofSurgery,Facultyof Medicine, Tabriz STAT6 supplier University of Health-related Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Immunology Study Center, Tabriz University of Health-related Sciences, Tabriz, Iran5 NetworkofImmunityinInfection, MalignancyandAutoimmunity(NIIMA, UniversalScientificEducationand ResearchNetwork(USERN,Tehran,Iranadverse reactions, chloroquine, COVID-19, drug-drug interaction, Kaletra, remdesivirCorrespondence MasoudNouri-Vaskeh,Immunology Study Center, Tabriz University of MedicalSciences,DaneshgahStreet,P.O. Box5166614766,Tabriz,Iran. E mail:[email protected]; [email protected] | I NTRO D U C TI O NCoronaviruses are responsible for main outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infections in both children and adults. On December 2019, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China.1,2 COVID-19 can cause acute and hugely virulence pneumonia. It has swiftly spread from China to other nations.2deaths inside the planet.six On March 12, 2020, WHO declared COVID19 outbreak a pandemic. Respiratory droplets and person-to-person contact are the most typical transmission way. The incubation period of COVID-19 is about two weeks. The clinical diagnosis of COVID19 is confirmed determined by polymerase chain reaction method.7,eight Essentially the most popular symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue. 2,three Gastrointestinal symptoms, which include diarrhea and nausea, have also been reported in several sufferers.three,9,10 The general fatality was reported 2 in patient with no underlying disease but higher fatality observed in elderly patientsCOVID-19 infection is really a big global problem that was documented a lot more than 31 132 906 confirmed instances and roughly 962Abbreviations:AZA,azathioprine;COVID-19,coronavirusdisease2019;DDI,drug-druginteraction;IMPDH,inosinemonophosphatedehydrogenase;RBV,ribavirin;RDV,remdesivir; TCZ, tocilizumab.ThisisanopenaccessarticleunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercialLicense,whichpermitsuse,distributionandreproduction in any medium, provided the original operate is correctly cited and will not be utilised for industrial purposes. 2021 The Authors. Pharmacology Study PerspectivespublishedbyJohnWiley SonsLtd,BritishPharmacologicalSocietyandAmericanSocietyfor PharmacologyandExperimentalTherapeutics. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2021;9:e00705. https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.705 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/prp2 1 of|two of|REZAEE Et Al.and individuals with underlying disease (i.e., cardiovascular illness, PRMT5 drug diabetes, chronic respiratory illness, hypertension, and cancer).ofazathioprine(AZA)whichRBVinhibitthisenzymeandenhance the danger of myelotoxicity (i.e., anemia, thrombocytopenia) of AZA.39 InteractionbetweenRBVandtelaprevirwasdescribedbyGutierrezValencia et al.40,41 which could enhance the threat of hematological toxicitybyincreasingthebloodlevelsofRBV.Themechanismofaction of this interaction is inhibition on the proximal tubule transport of RBVbytelaprevir. Th.