N of nucleosomal histone H3K9 is expected for the assembly of constitutive heterochromatin. Dimethylation and trimethylation of histone H3K9 (H3K9me2 me3) gives binding web-sites for the heterochromatin protein HP1, which recruits extra silencing elements and locks inside the repressed state. As well as H3K9 methylation, dimethylation andMeMeMeMeMeHARTKYTARKSTGGKAPRKQLATKAARKSAPATGGVKKP2 4 eight 9 17 2627KMeMeHSGRGKGGKGLGKGGAKRHRKVLRD3Fig. 2. Identified methylation web-sites (Me) on histones H3 and H4. Each histone mark occurred at every methylation web page is indicated to possess a exceptional function.trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me2 me3), connected with transcriptional repression, are characteristically observed in Polycomb group target genes.(13) Additionally, trimethylation of H4K20 (H4K20me3) can be a hallmark of silenced heterochromatic regions, whereas monomethylation and dimethylation of H4K20 (H4K20me1 me2) are involved in DNA replication and DNA damage repair.(14) Around the contrary, trimethylation of H3K36 (H3K36me3) was enriched by way of coding regions, peaking near the 30 -ends of transcription units, which is thought to become linked with transcriptional elongation.(15) Also, the histone lysine methyltransferase SETD2-dependent H3K36 trimethylation is considered to play an important function in homologous recombination repair and genome stability.(16) Dimethylation and trimethylation of H3K79 (H3K79me2 me3) are connected with the proximal transcribed region of active genes, and there are lots of similarities involving pattering of H3K4 methylation and that of H3K79 in mammalian chromatin.(17) As for histone arginine methylation, asymmetric dimethylation of H3R2 by PRMT6 counteracts the trimethylation of H3K4, which outcomes in transcriptional repression.(18) Symmetric dimethylation of H3R8 by PRMT5 is linked to transcriptional repression and is tightly related with symmetric dimethylation of H4R3, which is also a transcriptional repression mark and generated by PRMT5.(19) Asymmetric dimethylation of each H3R17 and H3R26 is methylated by PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338496 CARM1, viewed as as a transcriptional activation mark.(19) Interest-Other forms of protein modificationProteinprotein interactionProtein stability Non-histone methylation (Posttranslational modification)Subcellular localizationPromoter binding affinityProtein methyltransferasesProtein demethylasesHistone methylation (Epigenetics)Me Me Me MeFig. 1. Protein methyltransferases and demethylases principally regulate biological processes in two approaches. One particular is regulation of transcription for target downstream genes by means of methylation (Me) of histone proteins. The other is non-histone methylation as one of several posttranslational modifications.Cancer Sci April 2016 vol. 107 no. four 2016 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Liquiritin Description 
Association.www.wileyonlinelibrary.comjournalcasReview Hamamoto and Nakamuraingly, although symmetric dimethylation of H4R3 can be a transcriptional repression mark, asymmetric dimethylation of H4R3 can be a transcriptional activation mark,(19) implying that symmetric dimethylation and asymmetric dimethylation are functionally distinctive. Taken collectively, the aforementioned expertise suggests that the position and modification status (the amount of methyl group, or which isomer) defines the functions of histone methylation.Regulation of various pathways by means of non-histone methylation. The accumulated evidence indicates that methylation ofnon-.